A) Mollusca & Chordata
B) Arthropoda & Vertebrata
C) Chordata & Vertebrata
D) Echinodermata & Chordata
E) Annelida & Mollusca
G) C) and E)
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During cleavage the protostomes cleavage...View Answer
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A) amoebocytes.
B) osculum.
C) choanocytes.
D) spicules.
E) spongin.
G) A) and B)
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A) Shellfish seasonally produce toxic substances.
B) Shellfish regularly consume poisonous red tide organisms.
C) Most harmless native clams have been replaced by bad species.
D) Shellfish filter-feed and concentrate the dilute pollutants from the water, thus acting as early warning indicators of severe pollution.
F) All of the above
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A) fragmentation
B) sexual reproduction
C) budding
D) None of these methods would be successful.
F) B) and D)
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B) False
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A) Bilateral symmetry at some point in their life, three germ layers as embryos, are aquatic, and are classified as protostomes.
B) Bilateral symmetry at some point in their life, two germ layers as embryos, are aquatic, and are classified as protostomes.
C) Bilateral symmetry at some point in their life, three germ layers as embryos, are aquatic, and are classified as deuterostomes.
D) Bilateral symmetry at some point in their life, three germ layers as embryos, are terrestrial, and are classified as protostomes.
E) Radial symmetry at some point in their life, three germ layers as embryos, are aquatic, and are classified as protostomes.
G) B) and E)
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B) False
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A) They aid in digestion.
B) They develop into cnidocytes and can be used in defense.
C) They develop into the nerve net and are used to detect prey.
D) They produce new epidermal tissue to replace the old tissue.
E) They are a form of asexual reproduction.
G) C) and D)
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A) The adult body is bilaterally symmetrical.
B) Most are found in shallow coastal marine environments.
C) There are two tissue layers, an outer epidermis and inner gastrodermis.
D) Stinging cells contain a threadlike nematocyst released to capture prey.
E) A jellylike mesoglea separates the two tissue layers.
G) B) and C)
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A) This is evidence of a primitive state that is generally less efficient than separate sexes.
B) This is primarily to allow them to self-fertilize if no other worm is in their sector of the soil.
C) This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter.
D) Maintaining any system not clearly male or female is disadvantageous; the earthworm is trapped in an evolutionary dead end.
F) B) and D)
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A) Periodically shed their outer covering, non-segmented body plan and pseudocoelom on some, contain an exoskeleton and undergo metamorphosis.
B) Periodically shed their outer covering, non-segmented body plan and contain a layer of jellylike fluid called mesoglea, contain an exoskeleton and undergo metamorphosis.
C) Periodically shed their outer covering, segmented body plan and pseudocoelom on some, contain an endoskeleton and undergo metamorphosis.
D) None of the these are correct.
F) A) and B)
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A) a water vascular system that regulates water pressure.
B) cilia transporting hemolymph from chamber to chamber.
C) sticky threads leading from the mouth and primitive brain.
D) actin and myosin fibers that slide and give muscle actions to the five arms or "rays."
F) A) and C)
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A) Lack of cephalization, contain a muscular foot and a mantle, may possess a hard outer shell and have a complete digestive system.
B) Presence of cephalization, contain a muscular foot and a mantle, may possess a hard outer shell and have a complete digestive system.
C) Lack of cephalization, contains circular muscles that enable them to move, may possess a hard outer shell and have a complete digestive system.
D) Lack of cephalization, every member of the group will have a hard outer shell as well as a complete digestive system.
E) None of these lists describes the molluscs and bivalves but not the annelids.
G) None of the above
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A) have a trochophore larvae.
B) have a body cavity that is completely lined with mesoderm.
C) have the anus arise at or near the blastopore.
D) periodically shed their outer covering.
E) No answer choice is correct.
G) C) and D)
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A) plug their madreporite
B) cut off 2 of their arms
C) squeeze the tube feet as they are extended from the body
D) lay them on their arboreal side
E) None of these actions would prevent a sea star from moving.
G) C) and D)
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A) acting as a net in a current that sweeps food particles into its central cavity and digests them externally.
B) squeezing the spongocoel cavity and sucking debris in and out through the osculum.
C) the beating of collar cells' flagellae, which form a current; the current brings food particles which are engulfed and digested by collar cells.
D) the beating collar cells form a current from osculum to pores; the food is engulfed by amoebocytes in the central cavity of the sponge.
F) All of the above
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A) lack the setae that earthworms have.
B) have paddle-like parapodia that earthworms do not have.
C) have segments, whereas marine annelids do not.
D) lack a larval form, whereas earthworms have a larvae form.
E) marine annelids have a well developed coelom, whereas earthworms do not.
G) C) and D)
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A) Mollusca
B) Arthropoda
C) Chordata
D) Echinodermata
E) Annelida
G) B) and E)
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A) clams
B) squids
C) lobsters
D) nautiluses
E) snails
G) A) and C)
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