Question 1

Addison disease is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone deficiency and loss of extracellular sodium.
B)  aldosterone deficiency and gain of extracellular sodium.
C)  aldosterone excess and loss of extracellular sodium.
D)  aldosterone excess and gain of extracellular sodium.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following body compartments is correctly matched with its location in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  intracellular-all fluids outside cells
B)  extracellular-fluid in tissue spaces,blood vessels,and lymphatic vessels
C)  extracellular-fluid in cells
D)  transcellular-between the lipid layers of cell membranesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

A strong acid is one that _____ and an example is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ionizes more completely;H2CO3
B)  ionizes less completely;H2SO4
C)  gives off less H+;H3PO4
D)  ionizes more completely;HC1E) B) and D)
F) None of the above D

Question 4

The ratio of intracellular to extracellular fluids in the body of an average male is

Accepted Answer

A)  1:2
B)  2:1
C)  1:1
D)  3:2E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The hormone aldosterone promotes the

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorption of sodium ions.
B)  secretion of sodium ions.
C)  reabsorption of potassium ions.
D)  secretion of calcium ions.E) None of the above
F) A) and B) A

Question 6

Obstruction of the airways leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis.
B)  respiratory alkalosis.
C)  metabolic acidosis.
D)  metabolic alkalosis.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

The kidneys help to regulate the hydrogen ion concentration of body fluids by altering the rate at which hydrogen ions are secreted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Edema is

Accepted Answer

A)  a response to dehydration.
B)  caused by hyperproteinemia.
C)  abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluid.
D)  caused by depressed venous pressure.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate reabsorption from the renal tubules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The thirst mechanism is usually not triggered until the volume of the body water has been decreased by 5-10%.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 11

Which of the following is a physiological buffer?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bicarbonate buffer
B)  Phosphate buffer
C)  Protein buffer
D)  Renal mechanismE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Diabetes mellitus,in which fatty acids react to produce ketone bodies,leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis.
B)  respiratory alkalosis.
C)  metabolic acidosis.
D)  metabolic alkalosis.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Arterial blood with a pH below 7.35 produces _____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Arterial blood with a pH below 7.35...

Question 14

Prolonged vomiting,in which only the stomach contents are lost,leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis.
B)  respiratory alkalosis.
C)  metabolic acidosis.
D)  metabolic alkalosis.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Water intoxication causes

Accepted Answer

A)  low blood sodium.
B)  high blood sodium.
C)  low blood potassium.
D)  abnormal accumulation of extracellular fluiD.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Chemical buffer systems act rapidly against shifts in pH,whereas physiological buffer systems function more slowly.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following would be most helpful in treating hypocalcemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Removing the parathyroid glands
B)  Administering high doses of vitamin D and calcium salts
C)  Stimulating calcium excretion by the kidneys
D)  Avoiding foods that are high in calciumE) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

A blood pH of 7.2 inhibits the respiratory center in the brainstem and decreases CO2 level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The sequence of symptoms of heatstroke is

Accepted Answer

A)  neurological symptoms,dizziness,skin reddening,and then headache and racing heart.
B)  headache,dizziness,exhaustion,then sweating,which stops as the skin becomes red,hot,and dry.
C)  intense itching,profuse sweating,kidney failure,racing pulse,headache.
D)  fever,itching,redness,headache,numb extremities,vomiting.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

ADH level in nephrons regulates water output by causing the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus and proximal convoluted tubule to filter less or more water
B)  glomerular capsule and nephron loop to absorb more or less water
C)  distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to reabsorb more or less water
D)  distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to reabsorb more or less sodium ionsE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Exam 21: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Addison disease is characterized by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following body compartments is correctly matched with its location in the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A strong acid is one that _____ and an example is _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The ratio of intracellular to extracellular fluids in the body of an average male is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hormone aldosterone promotes the

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Obstruction of the airways leads to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys help to regulate the hydrogen ion concentration of body fluids by altering the rate at which hydrogen ions are secreted.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Edema is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Parathyroid hormone increases phosphate reabsorption from the renal tubules.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The thirst mechanism is usually not triggered until the volume of the body water has been decreased by 5-10%.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Which of the following is a physiological buffer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Diabetes mellitus,in which fatty acids react to produce ketone bodies,leads to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Arterial blood with a pH below 7.35 produces _____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prolonged vomiting,in which only the stomach contents are lost,leads to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water intoxication causes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemical buffer systems act rapidly against shifts in pH,whereas physiological buffer systems function more slowly.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would be most helpful in treating hypocalcemia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A blood pH of 7.2 inhibits the respiratory center in the brainstem and decreases CO2 level.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sequence of symptoms of heatstroke is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

ADH level in nephrons regulates water output by causing the _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A strong acid is one that _ and an example is _.

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D

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A

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False

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A blood pH of 7.2 inhibits the respiratory center in the brainstem and decreases CO₂ level.

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