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Exam 1: Introduction

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Question 91

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List the four primary ethical guidelines that the APA has developed for researchers,and briefly define/describe each of these guidelines.

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Informed consent: Participants must know...

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Question 92

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Which of the following life-span phases lasts the longest?

A) middle and late childhood
B) adolescence
C) middle adulthood
D) late adulthood

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Question 93

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A way in which a context influences development that is characterized by unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual's life.

Identify and describe the three ways that age has been conceptualized by life-span researchers.

If you studied the attitudes of elderly people today,you might find that most believe it is better for women to stay at home than to work.This is their attitude,probably because these people grew up during the early and middle part of the twentieth century rather than because they are elderly per se.This is an example of a(n) __________ effect.

A method of gathering data where one person (usually someone unique such as a serial killer or a genius)is studied extensively.

Winnonna was found to have childhood depression; she goes on to have depression for the rest of her adult life.This is an example of which characteristic of development?

In an experimental design,the dependent variable

A cognitive theory that uses the computer as an analogy to explain the workings of the mind.

Tzu-Chiang is 55 years old,is currently "going back to college," and is enrolled in a college algebra course.Tzu-Chiang is surprised that he is performing well in the course despite not having a formal math class for over 30 years.Researchers would not be surprised by his performance because it has been shown that development is

Many older adults become wiser by being able to call on experience,yet they perform poorly on cognitive speed tests.This can be explained by which of the following life-span characteristics?

This theorist emphasized the need for a child/adult to have his or her social needs to be met in his or her environment.His/her theory suggested that a psychosocial crisis had to be resolved at various stages of development.

Constance is 75 years old and still very active.She gardens,hikes,plays chess,and is learning to play the piano.She exercises daily to stay fit.She loves reading,listening to music,and playing with her grandchildren.Her hearing and eyesight are not what they used to be,and she is not as steady on her feet as when she was younger.She wears a hearing aid,eyeglasses,and sensible shoes to minimize these losses.Researchers would say that Constance is a good example of how development includes

A way of conceptualizing age in which an individual's adaptive capacities compared to other individuals of the same chronological age.

A __________ is an integrated set of ideas that helps to explain,and a __________ is a set of specific assumptions that can be tested to determine their accuracy.

A way in which a context influences development that is characterized by events that are similar for individuals in a particular age group.

Laboratory observations can be less effective than naturalistic observations because laboratory observations

Ling-Chi is trying to make sense of her world.The two processes she uses to do this are __________ and __________.

An interrelated coherent set of ideas that helps to explain behavior and make predictions.

Jessica spends a lot of time thinking about the choices she has made in her life and the events she has witnessed.She is adjusting to decreasing strength and health,and she has made several lifestyle changes as a result.Jessica is most likely in