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Ultrasound and maternal serum marker tests are less informative than amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in diagnosing trisomy 21 because


A) ultrasound and maternal serum markers check chromosomes, and CVS and amniocentesis do not.
B) ultrasound and maternal serum markers do not check chromosomes, and CVS and amniocentesis do.
C) maternal serum markers and amniocentesis check chromosomes, and ultrasound and CVS do not.
D) ultrasound and CVS check chromosomes, and maternal serum markers and amniocentesis do not.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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A human cell with 46 chromosomes is


A) aneuploid.
B) euploid.
C) polyploid.
D) haploid.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Gene expression profiling catalogues the mutations in a cell.

A) True
B) False

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A trait determined by more than one gene is polygenic.

A) True
B) False

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A person normally has two alleles of a gene because


A) DNA only comes in two forms.
B) one allele of a gene is carried on each of two homologous chromosomes.
C) there isn't enough DNA to accommodate more than this.
D) all genes come in only two varieties.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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An allele that masks the effect of another is


A) homozygous.
B) heterozygous.
C) recessive.
D) dominant.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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In a simple dominant-recessive inheritance pattern, what percentage of the offspring would exhibit the dominant trait if one parent is heterozygous and the other is homozygous recessive?


A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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A gene typically has many alleles because


A) humans have many traits.
B) a chromosome has many genes.
C) a DNA sequence can vary in many ways.
D) a protein sequence can vary in many ways.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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