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Exam 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

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Question 21

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Her pediatrician has just told Sandra that her 4-year-old son, Manuel, has gained 6 pounds in the last year. Sandra should:

A) be alarmed, because this is too much weight gain.
B) be concerned, because this is too little weight gain.
C) be positive and change Manuel's diet.
D) be content that this is normal for Manuel's age.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Question 22

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In general, conservation involves the ability to understand that changes in physical arrangement:

A) do not change an object's basic properties.
B) affect an object's inherent features.
C) determine the total volume needed for a given task.
D) must be considered before the characteristics of an object can be determined.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Question 23

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Three-year-old Betty's favorite pastime is scribbling designs. She says the drawings represent her parents, cat, bicycle, and home. This indicates that Betty is in the _____ substage of Piaget's preoperational stage.

In moving from Piaget to Vygotsky, the conceptual shift is one from:

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a person with a BMI at the 90th percentile is:

When four-year-old Jared plays, he often talks to himself. This form is self-talk is used for self-regulation. Developmentalists call this:

Which of the following statements about Vygotsky's theory is true?

The substage of preoperational thought in which the young child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present.

Five-year old Donna speaks in shorter, simpler sentences to her baby brother, in a very informal way with friends, and uses a more formal language with her father's friends. Donna is demonstrating her grasp of:

Describe two reasons for developmental changes in memory span.

Which of the following is a second substage of preoperational thought?

In a "Tools of the Mind" classroom, _____ has a central role.

Around _____ years of age, children learn to change their speech style to suit the situation.

During the _____ substage children begin to use language more effectively and engage in pretend play.

Early Head Start was established in 1995 to serve children from _____ years of age.

The foundation of early childhood education is the _____ kindergarten.

An Italian physician-turned-educator, who at the beginning of the twentieth century crafted a revolutionary approach to young children's education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities.

Aubrey is in a school that takes into account the typical development of children within an age span, as well as the uniqueness of the child. It also emphasizes the importance of creating settings that encourage active learning and reflect the child's interests and capabilities. This view represents a _____.

One of the disadvantages of "false-belief tasks" as indicators of understanding the thoughts of children is that:

Kevin is just learning to walk. He can take a few steps by himself if he uses both hands to hold on to a piece of furniture for support, but he can walk out into the middle of the room only if one of his parents holds his hands. Which of the following represents the lower limit of Kevin's zone of proximal development (ZPD) for walking?