Question 1

The principal reasons for which gills were replaced in terrestrial animals are
I-air is less buoyant than water.
II-for secretion in intrapleural fluid.
III-water diffuses into air through evaporation.

Accepted Answer

A)  I,II,and III
B)  just II
C)  just I
D)  I and III
E)  II and IIIF) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 2

In humans,each lung contains about _________ alveoli.

Accepted Answer

A)  300
B)  300 thousand
C)  300 million
D)  300 billionE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

The mechanism that triggers breathing in humans is true for

Accepted Answer

A)  all vertebrates.
B)  just terrestrial vertebrates.
C)  just aquatic vertebrates.
D)  only humans.
E)  only humans and invertebrates.F) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

Which of these animals uses positive pressure breathing?

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibians
B)  reptiles
C)  birds
D)  mammalsE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 5

The most efficient lungs are found in which of the terrestrial vertebrates listed below?

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibians
B)  reptiles
C)  birds
D)  mammals
E)  insectsF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

Mammal lungs are surrounded on the outside by the _________ membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  visceral pleural
B)  parietal pleural
C)  aveolar pleural
D)  mucosal pleuralE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

What respiratory adaptation was important for the invasion of land by arthropods?

Accepted Answer

A)  cutaneous respiration in moist habitats
B)  positive pressure breathing to increase gas exchange
C)  the ability to close spiracles to prevent water loss
D)  countercurrent exchange surrounding the trachea
E)  increased surface area of the trachea for diffusionF) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 8

The chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies and the brain act on the respiratory center to control the blood ___________ and pH constant.

Accepted Answer

A)  pO2
B)  pCO2
C)  pH2O
D)  pHCO3-E) A) and B)
F) B) and C) B

Question 9

The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere

Accepted Answer

A)  is about 78.1%.
B)  is about 2l.0%.
C)  is about 0.03%.
D)  varies depending on the altitude.
E)  varies depending on the amount of air in the atmospherE.F) B) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 10

Most phyla of invertebrates have improved diffusion by creating a water current over their respiratory surfaces,thereby ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing the distance for diffusion
B)  increasing the surface area for diffusion
C)  increasing the concentration difference
D)  changing the diffusion constantE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 11

In tissue capillaries,__________ combines with water to form carbonic acid,which after being transported to the lungs,dissociates back to its constituents.

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2
B)  O2
C)  H2CO3
D)  hemoglobinE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

The _______ is a covering over the gills of bony fish.

Accepted Answer

A)  operculum
B)  spiracle
C)  rostrum
D)  papulaE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

What is the likely outcome if you were able to force water through fish gills in the opposite direction?

Accepted Answer

A)  blood's oxygen concentration would not be able to exceed 50%
B)  countercurrent exchange would be compromised and load of oxygen into the blood would cease
C)  blood flow would reverse to compensate for reversed water flow
D)  concurrent exchange will be compromised
E)  no effectF) All of the above
G) B) and D) A

Question 14

Exchange of gases and metabolites between the blood and tissues occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  arteries.
B)  arterioles.
C)  capillaries.
D)  venules.
E)  veins.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

Soft-shelled turtles can remain submerged underwater for several hours without ventilating their lungs because _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  they also have rudimentary gills
B)  the partial pressure of O2 is higher underwater
C)  they can use cutaneous respiration through the soft lining of their throats
D)  they can store some air in special air sacs under the shellE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Humans inspire by contracting muscles that insert on the rib cage and by contracting the

Accepted Answer

A)  spinal column.
B)  diaphragm.
C)  abdominal muscles.
D)  throat.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Most of the primitive phyla of invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding

Accepted Answer

A)  air.
B)  water.
C)  mud.
D)  blooD.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

In red blood cells,the enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the formation of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  H2CO3
B)  CO2
C)  HCO3-
D)  H+E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 19

The blood obtains its oxygen by diffusion across the wet membranes of the lungs,which are filled with air in the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  ventilation.
B)  exhalation.
C)  negative pressure breathing.
D)  positive pressure breathing.
E)  countercurrent flow.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary arteries
B)  pulmonary veins
C)  femoral vein
D)  inferior vena cava
E)  renal veinF) A) and E)
G) B) and D) A

Exam 49: The Respiratory System

The principal reasons for which gills were replaced in terrestrial animals are I-air is less buoyant than water. II-for secretion in intrapleural fluid. III-water diffuses into air through evaporation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In humans,each lung contains about _________ alveoli.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mechanism that triggers breathing in humans is true for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these animals uses positive pressure breathing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most efficient lungs are found in which of the terrestrial vertebrates listed below?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mammal lungs are surrounded on the outside by the _________ membrane.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What respiratory adaptation was important for the invasion of land by arthropods?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies and the brain act on the respiratory center to control the blood ___________ and pH constant.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The oxygen content of dry air in the atmosphere

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most phyla of invertebrates have improved diffusion by creating a water current over their respiratory surfaces,thereby ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In tissue capillaries,__________ combines with water to form carbonic acid,which after being transported to the lungs,dissociates back to its constituents.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _______ is a covering over the gills of bony fish.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the likely outcome if you were able to force water through fish gills in the opposite direction?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Exchange of gases and metabolites between the blood and tissues occurs in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Soft-shelled turtles can remain submerged underwater for several hours without ventilating their lungs because _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Humans inspire by contracting muscles that insert on the rib cage and by contracting the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the primitive phyla of invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In red blood cells,the enzyme carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the formation of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The blood obtains its oxygen by diffusion across the wet membranes of the lungs,which are filled with air in the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

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B

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A

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A