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Outbreaks of which protozoan disease have been associated with fecal-contaminated imported raspberries,fresh greens,and drinking water?


A) Toxoplasmosis
B) Cyclosporiasis
C) Trichinosis
D) Cryptosporidiosis

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following statements regarding tapeworms is incorrect?


A) Proglottids are reproductive segments.
B) The body is comprised of proglottids.
C) They can produce a variety of toxins.
D) Cysticerci are young, infective larvae ingested in undercooked meat.
E) The scolex is the head.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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E.coli O157:H7 secretes shiga exotoxin.

A) True
B) False

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Most of the bacteria involved in periodontal disease are obligate (strict) anaerobes.Explain why this is the case.


A) Mouthwashes and toothpaste destroy most of the strict aerobes that are found on teeth.
B) The oral cavity is a low oxygen environment.
C) The crevice between the gingiva and the tooth is low in oxygen.
D) Sugar and other carbohydrates used by the oral bacteria can be more easily consumed anaerobically.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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The gastrointestinal microbiota has been implicated in the development of


A) non-infectious diseases like obesity.
B) appropriate immune responses to microbial antigens.
C) dental plaque.
D) All of the responses are correct.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements about parasitic helminths is incorrect?


A) They include roundworms and tapeworms.
B) They have larval forms that do not affect humans.
C) They have a definitive host in which the adult form lives.
D) They are multicellular animals.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Correct Answer

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