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A multifactorial trait is determined by


A) only environmental factors.
B) only genetic factors.
C) neither genetic nor environmental factors.
D) one or more genes and the environment.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following prenatal tests is non-invasive?


A) Amniocentesis
B) Chorionic villi sampling
C) Ultrasound
D) Inserting a shunt into a fetus with water on the brain

E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

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Variable expressivity and pleiotropy can account for a disease that produces different intensities of symptoms or different symptoms among individuals.

A) True
B) False

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A pedigree is a chart that aligns chromosome pairs by size.

A) True
B) False

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A gene is


A) a DNA sequence that contains the information for producing one type of protein.
B) a structure that contains chromosomes.
C) an amino acid sequence that contains the information for producing a particular DNA sequence.
D) the collection of all of the protein-encoding DNA sequences on a particular chromosome.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In a simple dominant-recessive inheritance pattern, what is the chance of the offspring exhibiting the dominant trait if one parent is heterozygous and the other is homozygous recessive?


A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The chemical groups that binds to DNA causing genomic imprinting are


A) methyl groups.
B) RNA molecules.
C) transcription factors.
D) amino acids.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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A person normally has two alleles of a gene because


A) DNA only comes in two forms.
B) one allele of a gene is carried on each of two homologous chromosomes.
C) there isn't enough DNA to accommodate more than this.
D) all genes come in only two varieties.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Chorionic villus sampling can be performed earlier in pregnancy than amniocentesis.

A) True
B) False

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Observing a karyotype for a fetus, an obstetrician notices that for the 16ᵗʰ chromosome, there are 3 structures shown. What sort of chromosomal abnormality does this fetus have?


A) A monosomy
B) Incomplete dominance
C) A trisomy
D) Polyploidy

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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An autosomal condition affects only males.

A) True
B) False

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Studies have indicated a genetic link between a chromosome abnormality and acute myeloid leukemia, a deadly cancer affecting white blood cell production. Many sufferers of the cancer also possess monosomy 7, which is passed along generations in their families and also corresponds with the incidence of cancer in its members. What would you notice on a karyotype taken from a family with a trend of genetic-linked acute myeloid leukemia?


A) Seven copies of each chromosome
B) Three copies of each chromosome
C) Only one copy each of the 7ᵗʰ and the 21ˢᵗ chromosome
D) Only one copy of the 7ᵗʰ chromosome

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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A disorder that skips generations, affects both sexes, and is transmitted by parents who either have the condition or carry it is autosomal recessive.

A) True
B) False

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Chromosomes carry genes and genes carry genomes.

A) True
B) False

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An inverted bell-shaped curve represents the distribution of phenotypes of a multifactorial trait in a population.

A) True
B) False

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An autosomal dominant condition in a family will disappear if in any generation no one inherits the disease.

A) True
B) False

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An allele that is not expressed in the heterozygous condition is


A) recessive.
B) dominant.
C) autosomal.
D) codominant.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A multifactorial trait is determined by many environmental factors, but not necessarily genetic influences.

A) True
B) False

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Janet is homozygous dominant for the wild type allele of the gene that when mutant causes cystic fibrosis. Her brother Henry is a heterozygote. They both do not have the disease cystic fibrosis.

A) True
B) False

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In incomplete dominance,


A) the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between that of either homozygote.
B) one allele masks the effect of the other.
C) one allele is inactive.
D) only one sex is affected.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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