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From age 2 until puberty, children typically gain _____ inches and _____ pounds per year.


A) 1 to 2; 3 to 5
B) 2 to 3; 5 to 6
C) 3 to 5; 7 to 9
D) 6 to 8; 10 to 12

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Osteoarthritis is a disease that results in a loss of minerals that leaves bones fragile.

A) True
B) False

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The endocrine gland that regulates growth and triggers the growth spurt during adolescence is(are) the


A) pituitary gland.
B) thyroid gland.
C) adrenal gland.
D) testes and ovaries.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Eighty-year-old Sylvester has begun to complain about his knees. To him, his knees now often feel, "Stiff as a board!" Given this description, Sylvester would appear to have


A) Turner syndrome.
B) osteoarthritis.
C) Klinefelter syndrome.
D) osteoporosis.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Describe the developing human brain from infancy through older age. Be sure to discuss issues such as neurogenesis, neuron migration, organization plasticity, and lateralization.

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The developing human brain undergoes sig...

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Melissa is 15 years old. All of her friends have become notably "adolescent" in appearance. They have pubic hair and underarm hair and have experienced the "adolescent growth spurt." Melissa has no pubic or underarm hair, and still looks much more like a young girl than an adolescent. The most likely culprit for Melissa's plight is a malfunction of the


A) central nervous system.
B) ovaries.
C) testes .
D) thyroid.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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While sexually virile throughout most of his life, 80-year-old Hef is no longer able to produce an erection. This loss of ability may be part of


A) andropause.
B) a midlife crisis.
C) semenarche.
D) menarche.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Molly strokes the bottom of her baby Martin's foot and watches his toes fan out and then curl. Martin is exhibiting the _____ reflex.


A) Babinski
B) Moro
C) Palmer
D) stepping

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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A

Maya was born with a thyroid deficiency that was not diagnosed as such until she was three years old. What is the likely outcome for Maya?


A) Maya will have some level of intellectual disability.
B) There will be no long-lasting effects as long as Maya receives treatment once the problem is diagnosed.
C) Maya will grow to be over 6 feet tall.
D) Maya will become blind and deaf.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Synaptic pruning is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's disease.

A) True
B) False

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False

Two-year-old Tiki has acquired the ability to spin one arm in a large circle while holding the other arm perfectly still. This exemplifies the orthogenetic principle element of


A) a differentiated response.
B) global responding.
C) integration.
D) reserve capacity.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following characterizes the typical aging brain?


A) Degeneration only
B) Plasticity only
C) Both degeneration and plasticity
D) Neither degeneration nor plasticity

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The aging brain may compensate for losses by increased activity in the


A) limbic system
B) prefrontal cortex
C) cerebellum
D) corpus callosum

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Nick has just experienced semenarche. Jessica has just experienced menarche. Which statement is most likely true?


A) Nick and Jessica are now fully capable of producing a child.
B) Nick is currently capable of producing a child, but Jessica is not.
C) Jessica is currently capable of producing a child, but Nick is not.
D) Neither Nick nor Jessica is fully capable of producing a child.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Sexual maturation occurs at different rates in different racial and ethnic groups.

A) True
B) False

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Which reflex involves turning a cheek towards a tactile stimulus?


A) sucking
B) grasping
C) blink
D) rooting

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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As a typical adolescent growing up in the United States, Maxwell (a male) would most likely achieve his peak RATE of growth for height around _____ years of age.


A) 10.5
B) 12
C) 13.5
D) 15

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Which reflex is NOT a survival reflex?


A) The breathing reflex
B) The sucking reflex
C) The toe-fanning reflex
D) The eye-blink reflex

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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C

Concerning eating habits in childhood,


A) children tend to eat less "comfort food" when they are under stress.
B) consumption of sugary soda between meals makes children twice as likely to become overweight.
C) parents have little impact on what children eat.
D) children who eat breakfast at school are at risk for becoming overweight.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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The right brain hemisphere


A) controls the right side of the body and is skilled at sequential processing.
B) controls the left side of the body and is skilled at sequential processing.
C) controls the right side of the body and is skilled at simultaneous processing.
D) controls the left side of the body and is skilled at simultaneous processing.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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