Question 1

Smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles dilate or constrict as needed in response to changes in blood pressure. This process of autoregulation is called the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   myogenic mechanism
B)   tubular secretion
C)   tubuloglomerular feedback
D)   glomerular filtration
E)   tubular reabsorptionF) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 2

What is the effect of intense sympathetic stimulation on the GFR?

Accepted Answer

A)   GFR increases
B)   GFR decreases
C)   GFR is not affected
D)   GFR increases, then decreasesE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 3

What is tubular reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

A)   The process where the nephron returns water and some filtered molecules to the blood.
B)   The reabsorption of blood cells in the nephron into the body.
C)   The passage of water and ions into the filtrate during filtration in the nephron.
D)   The absorption of proteins into the filtrate which later becomes urine.
E)   The transport additional solutes from the blood into the filtrate by tubule cells.F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 4

In glomerular nephritis, proteins and white blood cells enter the filtrate resulting in

Accepted Answer

A)   increased reabsorption of water.
B)   increased reabsorption of sodium.
C)   increased secretion of sodium.
D)   increased urine output.
E)   decreased urine output.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 5

What is/are the main excretory organ/s of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)   skin
B)   lungs
C)   intestines
D)   kidneysE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

Passage of proteins into Bowman's capsule is prevented by

Accepted Answer

A)   the size of the capillary pores.
B)   the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes.
C)   the size of the proteins.
D)   filtration pressure.
E)   the size of the capillary pores, the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes, and the size of the proteins.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

To calculate plasma clearance of any substance, it is necessary to know the

Accepted Answer

A)   quantity of urine produced per minute.
B)   concentration of the cleared substance in the urine.
C)   concentration of the cleared substance in the blood.
D)   blood volume.
E)   quantity of urine produced per minute, the concentration of the cleared substance in the urine, and the concentration of the cleared substance in the blood.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerulus.
B)   ascending loop of Henle.
C)   distal convoluted tubule.
D)   proximal convoluted tubule.
E)   descending loop of Henle.F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 9

When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal convoluted tubule cells,

Accepted Answer

A)   filtrate volume increases.
B)   filtrate osmolality decreases.
C)   potassium is secreted from the cells.
D)   the distal convoluted tubule is less permeable to water.
E)   the distal convoluted tubule is more permeable to water.F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 10

Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases. (1)  decreased sympathetic stimulation
(2)  increase in glomerulus filtration rate
(3)  increase in arterial blood pressure
(4)  increase in urine production
(5)  afferent arterioles dilate

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 3, 5, 2, 4
B)   3, 2, 1, 5, 4
C)   2, 3, 5, 1, 4
D)   3, 1, 5, 2, 4
E)   3, 2, 5, 4, 1F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,

Accepted Answer

A)   water can easily enter or leave.
B)   potassium and chloride are cotransported with sodium across the apical membrane.
C)   calcium ions are actively transported across the basal membrane.
D)   potassium is concentrated in the filtrate.
E)   the filtrate does not change.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 12

Why is the external urinary sphincter under conscious control?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is made of smooth muscle.
B)   It is part of the detrusor muscle.
C)   It is made of skeletal muscle.
D)   It is made of adventitia.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

Voluntary micturition

Accepted Answer

A)   involves higher brain centers.
B)   involves control of the internal sphincter.
C)   is a reflex action.
D)   is common in infants.
E)   involves control of smooth muscle.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 14

Starting from the collecting duct, indicate the order in which urea molecules move to maintain the medullary concentration gradient.
(1)  ascending limb
(2)  distal convoluted tubule
(3)  interstitial fluid
(4)  collecting duct
(5)  descending limb

Accepted Answer

A)   2, 5, 1, 4, 3
B)   1, 3, 5, 2, 4
C)   3, 5, 1, 2, 4
D)   4, 2, 1, 3, 5
E)   4, 3, 5, 1, 2F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

The kidney dialysis machine is an example of a mechanical

Accepted Answer

A)   active transport system.
B)   countercurrent system.
C)   cotransport system.
D)   sorting system.
E)   toy.F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 16

Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, potassium and chloride cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   facilitated diffusion.
B)   cotransport.
C)   counter transport.
D)   active transport.
E)   simple diffusion.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT an action of angiotensin II?

Accepted Answer

A)   vasoconstriction of arterioles
B)   increases thirst
C)   increases ADH secretion
D)   decreases peripheral resistance
E)   increases aldosterone secretionF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 18

Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the

Accepted Answer

A)   proximal convoluted tubule.
B)   descending loop of Henle.
C)   ascending loop of Henle.
D)   distal convolute tubule.
E)   collecting duct.F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

Which of these vessels gives rise to the peritubular capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerulus
B)   arcuate artery
C)   efferent arteriole
D)   interlobular artery
E)   afferent arterioleF) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 20

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)   high urea concentration in medulla
B)   active transport of solutes from ascending limb
C)   the vasa recta
D)   functions of the loop of Henle
E)   All of these choices are correctF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Exam 26: Urinary System

Which of the following is NOT an action of angiotensin II?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why is the external urinary sphincter under conscious control?

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What is tubular reabsorption?

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Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, potassium and chloride cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To calculate plasma clearance of any substance, it is necessary to know the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In glomerular nephritis, proteins and white blood cells enter the filtrate resulting in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal convoluted tubule cells,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Starting from the collecting duct, indicate the order in which urea molecules move to maintain the medullary concentration gradient. (1) ascending limb (2) distal convoluted tubule (3) interstitial fluid (4) collecting duct (5) descending limb

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these vessels gives rise to the peritubular capillary?

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Smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles dilate or constrict as needed in response to changes in blood pressure. This process of autoregulation is called the ____________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the effect of intense sympathetic stimulation on the GFR?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

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Voluntary micturition

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Passage of proteins into Bowman's capsule is prevented by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases. (1) decreased sympathetic stimulation (2) increase in glomerulus filtration rate (3) increase in arterial blood pressure (4) increase in urine production (5) afferent arterioles dilate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidney dialysis machine is an example of a mechanical

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is/are the main excretory organ/s of the body?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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