Question 1

The endosymbiotic theory suggests that chloroplasts evolved from cyanobacteria.What features of cyanobacteria support this premise?

Accepted Answer

There are many similarities between cyanobacteria and eukaryotic chloroplasts.Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic.Chloroplasts are the membrane-bound organelles in some eukaryotes where photosynthesis takes place.Chloroplasts have an outer and an inner membrane.The inner membrane,or thylakoid membrane,forms stacks of thylakoid discs called grana,where part of eukaryotic photosynthesis takes place.Cyanobacteria also have a system of inner membranes called thylakoids where photosynthesis takes place.Chloroplasts contain a single,circular piece of DNA in the stroma,and the genome of a cyanobacterium is a single,circular chromosome.These and other characteristics support the endosymbiotic theory.

Question 2

Which enzyme enables a retrovirus to convert its RNA genome into DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA helicase
B)  reverse transcriptase
C)  DNA ligase
D)  reverse helicaseE) A) and C)
F) All of the above B

Question 3

You are analyzing some material gathered from a bacterial cell.You find it tests positive for both polysaccharides and amino acids.What part of the bacterial cell did this sample come from?

Accepted Answer

A)  cell wall
B)  S-layer
C)  glycocalyx
D)  nucleoid
E)  cell membraneF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Binary fission is a form of sexual reproduction in which the daughter cells have a different genetic combination than the parent cell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Ivanowsky first recognized that something smaller than a bacterium,called a filterable virus,was able to cause disease in the year

Accepted Answer

A)  1965.
B)  2001.
C)  1892.
D)  1700.
E)  1650.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

The innermost portion of a virus's structure is made up of

Accepted Answer

A)  a membranous envelope.
B)  either DNA or RNA.
C)  both DNA and RNA.
D)  a protein capsid.
E)  microtubules.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 7

Compare and contrast the lytic and lysogenic cycles.Explain why a virus that follows the lytic cycle is often considered easier to manage.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary.Lytic viruses are ones ...

Question 8

Like most eukaryotic animal cells,bacterial cells are diploid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 9

Explain the biochemical features that are unique to archaea.

Accepted Answer

The archaea have a variety of unique fea...

Question 10

Short,bristlelike fibers extending from the surface of a prokaryote are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  flagella.
B)  cilia.
C)  fimbriae.
D)  villi.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 11

A facultative anaerobe is an organism that can metabolize effectively in the presence or absence of oxygen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

When conditions are unfavorable,some bacteria form

Accepted Answer

A)  pili.
B)  endospores.
C)  galls.
D)  capsules.
E)  thylakoids.F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 13

Halophiles

Accepted Answer

A)  require a high salt environment.
B)  increase the chloride level within their cells.
C)  may be chemoheterotrophs or photosynthetic.
D)  use bacteriorhodopsin to capture solar energy.
E)  All of the choices are correct.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

Some,but not all,virus capsids are surrounded by

Accepted Answer

A)  a membranous envelope.
B)  both DNA and RNA.
C)  either DNA or RNA.
D)  a protein capsid.
E)  a protein spore coat.F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 15

Study the life cycle diagram.Label A is the ________ life cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  lysogenic
B)  sexual
C)  lytic
D)  alternation of generationsE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

What are the two prokaryotic domains?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea & Bacteria
B)  Eukarya & Bacteria
C)  Archaea & Eukarya
D)  Protista & ArchaeaE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

Which of the following characteristics about saprotrophs is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are viruses that infect plant and fungal cells.
B)  They are bacteria that decompose large organic molecules.
C)  Saprotrophs are also called decomposers.
D)  They are ecologically important in recycling matter.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Imagine a researcher is trying to genetically engineer this virus so it attacks the lung cells of a human in order to "infect" the host with a particular gene to cure a genetic disorder.Explain which structure the researcher would be most interested in working with in order to get the virus to attack the lung cell of a human.

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary but should discuss that...

Question 19

Which statement is NOT true about retroviruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  HIV is a retrovirus.
B)  They contain an enzyme called reverse transcriptase.
C)  They incorporate themselves into the host cell genome,but replicate independently of the host DNA.
D)  cDNA is used as a template to transcribe double-stranded DNA.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Some enveloped animal viruses enter a host cell by

Accepted Answer

A)  injecting their DNA or RNA into the host cell.
B)  fusion of their envelope with the host cell's plasma envelope.
C)  endocytosis.
D)  All of the above.
E)  Both B and C.F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Exam 20: Viruses,bacteria,and Archaea

The endosymbiotic theory suggests that chloroplasts evolved from cyanobacteria.What features of cyanobacteria support this premise?

Which enzyme enables a retrovirus to convert its RNA genome into DNA?

Correct Answer
verified
B

You are analyzing some material gathered from a bacterial cell.You find it tests positive for both polysaccharides and amino acids.What part of the bacterial cell did this sample come from?

Correct Answer
verified

Binary fission is a form of sexual reproduction in which the daughter cells have a different genetic combination than the parent cell.

Correct Answer
verified

Ivanowsky first recognized that something smaller than a bacterium,called a filterable virus,was able to cause disease in the year

Correct Answer
verified

The innermost portion of a virus's structure is made up of

Correct Answer
verified

Compare and contrast the lytic and lysogenic cycles.Explain why a virus that follows the lytic cycle is often considered easier to manage.

Correct Answer
verified
Answers may vary.Lytic viruses are ones ...
View Answer

Like most eukaryotic animal cells,bacterial cells are diploid.

Correct Answer
verified
False

Explain the biochemical features that are unique to archaea.

Correct Answer
verified
The archaea have a variety of unique fea...
View Answer

Short,bristlelike fibers extending from the surface of a prokaryote are known as

Correct Answer
verified

A facultative anaerobe is an organism that can metabolize effectively in the presence or absence of oxygen.

Correct Answer
verified

When conditions are unfavorable,some bacteria form

Correct Answer
verified

Halophiles

Correct Answer
verified

Some,but not all,virus capsids are surrounded by

Correct Answer
verified

Study the life cycle diagram.Label A is the ________ life cycle.

Correct Answer
verified

What are the two prokaryotic domains?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following characteristics about saprotrophs is NOT true?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Answers may vary but should discuss that...
View Answer

Which statement is NOT true about retroviruses?

Correct Answer
verified

Some enveloped animal viruses enter a host cell by

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 20: Viruses,bacteria,and Archaea

The endosymbiotic theory suggests that chloroplasts evolved from cyanobacteria.What features of cyanobacteria support this premise?

Which enzyme enables a retrovirus to convert its RNA genome into DNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

You are analyzing some material gathered from a bacterial cell.You find it tests positive for both polysaccharides and amino acids.What part of the bacterial cell did this sample come from?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Binary fission is a form of sexual reproduction in which the daughter cells have a different genetic combination than the parent cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ivanowsky first recognized that something smaller than a bacterium,called a filterable virus,was able to cause disease in the year

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The innermost portion of a virus's structure is made up of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compare and contrast the lytic and lysogenic cycles.Explain why a virus that follows the lytic cycle is often considered easier to manage.

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswers may vary.Lytic viruses are ones ...View AnswerShow Answer

Like most eukaryotic animal cells,bacterial cells are diploid.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Explain the biochemical features that are unique to archaea.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe archaea have a variety of unique fea...View AnswerShow Answer

Short,bristlelike fibers extending from the surface of a prokaryote are known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A facultative anaerobe is an organism that can metabolize effectively in the presence or absence of oxygen.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When conditions are unfavorable,some bacteria form

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Halophiles

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some,but not all,virus capsids are surrounded by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Study the life cycle diagram.Label A is the ________ life cycle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the two prokaryotic domains?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following characteristics about saprotrophs is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedAnswers may vary but should discuss that...View AnswerShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about retroviruses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some enveloped animal viruses enter a host cell by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified
B

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified
Answers may vary.Lytic viruses are ones ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
False

Correct Answer
verified
The archaea have a variety of unique fea...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Answers may vary but should discuss that...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified