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The predominant languages spoken on Madagascar are not of an African language family,but belong to


A) Indo-European family.
B) Sino-Tibetan family.
C) Dravidian family.
D) Austronesian family.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The language tree diagram of language divergence has some branches with dead ends. These represent


A) standardized or non-changing languages.
B) language subfamilies.
C) isolated languages.
D) extinct languages.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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D

A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs is called a/an


A) isogloss.
B) sound shift.
C) international border.
D) cultural boundary.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Japan is an example of a monolingual state.

A) True
B) False

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Brittany in western France shows the persistence of Breton in the _____ subfamily.


A) Romance
B) Germanic
C) Celtic
D) Slavic

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Lasker,North Carolina,named for Alaska,is an example of a toponym based upon a mistake.

A) True
B) False

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From 1960 to 1980,the changing ethnic composition of South Central Los Angeles is best described as:


A) less diverse.
B) more diverse.
C) Asian dominated.
D) Hispanic dominated.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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In technically advanced societies there is likely to be


A) a standard language.
B) many basic languages.
C) limited expansion of language.
D) standard pronunciation.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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A

The linguistic map of Nigeria reflects extreme fragmentation with nearly ____ languages spoken.


A) 15
B) 25
C) 200
D) 400

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Official languages such as Spanish and Quechuan in Peru or English and Pilipino in the Philippines reflect


A) linguist divergence.
B) the country's history.
C) creolization.
D) linguas franca.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Dialects are most often marked by actual differences in


A) accents.
B) pronunciation.
C) vocabulary.
D) syntax.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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____ of internet content is in English.


A) 12%
B) 20%
C) 68%
D) 82%

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In Illinois,people who want a soft drink with their hamburger are likely to order a


A) soda.
B) pop.
C) Coke.
D) Pepsi.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Consider some of the place-names (toponyms)in your state or locality. Use the ten types of place-names devised by Prof.George Stewart to classify some of your local place-names. Do his categories overlap in some cases?

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In an attempt to deal with linguistic as well as cultural diversity,many former African colonies have taken as their official language


A) the most widely-spoken indigenous language.
B) an Austronesian and therefore neutral language.
C) the language of the former colonial power.
D) an invented language with no historical connections.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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C

Euskera,the Basque language,is not related to any other language in Europe.

A) True
B) False

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Which development helped with the rise of national languages beginning in the fourteenth century?


A) invention of the printing press
B) agricultural revolution
C) Celtic migrations
D) fall of the Roman Empire

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Nigeria chose __________ as its official language upon independence.


A) northern Hausa
B) southwestern Yoruba
C) southeastern Ibo
D) English

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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The language most widely used as a second language by hundreds of millions of people in India,Africa and elsewhere is


A) Spanish.
B) French.
C) Arabic.
D) English.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Distinguish between dialect,pidgin language,creole language and a true discrete language. Why is it often difficult to distinguish one from another?

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