Question 1

In mammalian kidneys,blood in the vasa recta and fluid in the loop of Henle flow in opposite directions to create a ________ multiplier system.

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostatic
B)  reversible
C)  countercurrent
D)  stepped
E)  exponentialF) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 2

Marine reptiles eliminate excess NaCl by means of ________ located near the nose or the eye.

Accepted Answer

A)  Malpighian tubules
B)  antennal glands
C)  salt glands
D)  protonephridia
E)  nephronsF) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 3

Jill is lost in the desert and ran out of water six hours ago.What physiological effect or response would most likely occur in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased release of ADH from the posterior pituitary
B)  decrease in blood osmolarity
C)  increased permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidney
D)  decreased thirst sensation
E)  increased release of atrial natriuretic hormoneF) None of the above
G) C) and D) C

Question 4

Roger,who has Type I diabetes mellitus,forgot to take along his insulin on a fishing trip to a remote part of Alaska.It takes him three days to make it out of the wilderness to a hospital.What would be the most likely match to Roger's blood and urine profile once he reaches the hospital?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  DE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 5

What is true of normal human urine production? 
I-Blood pressure is used to push nitrogenous waste,water,and small molecules through a filter,forming the filtrate,while cells and most proteins are retained in the blood.
II-Most water is reabsorbed as the filtrate is passing through a long tube.
III-Ammonia is produced as the metabolic breakdown is excreted.

Accepted Answer

A)  just I
B)  just II
C)  II and III
D)  I,II,and III
E)  I and IIF) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

Nearly two-thirds of every vertebrate's body is composed of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  water
B)  carbon
C)  bones
D)  muscleE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

Freshwater fish are ________ with respect to osmoregulation.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypotonic regulators
B)  hypotonic conformers
C)  hypertonic regulators
D)  hypertonic conformers
E)  isotonic conformersF) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 8

The diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  osmosis.
B)  active transport.
C)  facilitated diffusion.
D)  countercurrent flow.
E)  bulk flow.F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 9

The regulatory systems of the animal body maintain a relatively stable internal condition through a process called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  homeostasis
B)  equilibrium
C)  osmoreception
D)  countercurrent exchange
E)  absorptionF) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 10

According to the above figure,which letter corresponds to the lowest tubular fluid osmolarity under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  D
E)  EF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 11

The kidneys are important homeostatic organs,contributing to maintenance of all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  blood volume.
B)  destruction of worn-out red blood cells.
C)  blood pressure.
D)  ion concentration of extracellular fluids.
E)  blood pH.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

Each human kidney contains about a million ________,which are the tubular functional units of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A)  ureters
B)  nephrons
C)  renal medullae
D)  nephridia
E)  flame cellsF) A) and B)
G) A) and C) B

Question 13

Substances NOT usually found in normal human urine are

Accepted Answer

A)  urea and uric acid.
B)  glucose molecules.
C)  water molecules.
D)  K+,H+,and other ions.
E)  certain drugs.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

The organ that performs filtration of blood,reabsorption,and secretion in vertebrates is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  kidney
B)  liver
C)  pancreas
D)  small intestine
E)  large intestineF) C) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 15

Mike has just returned home from college for the summer and notices that his 8-year-old Dalmatian dog Patches is limping and has difficulty walking up and down stairs.When Mike takes Patches to the vet,the vet recommends that Mike put him on a low-purine diet.This dietary change will lessen the formation of painful precipitates of ________ in Patches' joints.

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine and guanine
B)  ammonia
C)  uric acid
D)  urea
E)  NaClF) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

No matter how much water a human drinks,the kidneys are always regulating various aspects of the blood,including ________. 
I-the pH of the blood
II-the plasma concentration of iron ions
III-the plasma concentration of sodium ions
IV-the plasma concentration of potassium ions
V-the temperature of the blood

Accepted Answer

A)  I,II,and III
B)  I,II,III,and IV
C)  I,III,and IV
D)  I,III,IV,and V
E)  I,II,III,IV,and VF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 17

The adrenal hormone,aldosterone,regulates kidney function by

Accepted Answer

A)  reducing the blood flow to the kidney.
B)  stimulating active reabsorption of sodium,decreasing its excretion.
C)  increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to urea.
D)  increasing the permeability of the collecting duct to salt.
E)  triggering a sensation of thirst.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

A doctor suspects his patient has diabetes insipidus.What is the most likely match to the blood and urine profile of this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  DE) A) and B)
F) All of the above C

Question 19

According to the above figure,which letter corresponds to the area where water is absolutely not reabsorbed?

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  D
E)  EF) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 20

What animals could drink seawater and not get dehydrated?

Accepted Answer

A)  sea gull
B)  human
C)  garter snake
D)  bullfrog
E)  freshwater perchF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Exam 49: Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

In mammalian kidneys,blood in the vasa recta and fluid in the loop of Henle flow in opposite directions to create a ________ multiplier system.

Correct Answer
verified

Marine reptiles eliminate excess NaCl by means of ________ located near the nose or the eye.

Correct Answer
verified

Jill is lost in the desert and ran out of water six hours ago.What physiological effect or response would most likely occur in this situation?

Correct Answer
verified
C

Roger,who has Type I diabetes mellitus,forgot to take along his insulin on a fishing trip to a remote part of Alaska.It takes him three days to make it out of the wilderness to a hospital.What would be the most likely match to Roger's blood and urine profile once he reaches the hospital?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Nearly two-thirds of every vertebrate's body is composed of ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Freshwater fish are ________ with respect to osmoregulation.

Correct Answer
verified

The diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is referred to as

Correct Answer
verified

The regulatory systems of the animal body maintain a relatively stable internal condition through a process called ________.

Correct Answer
verified

According to the above figure,which letter corresponds to the lowest tubular fluid osmolarity under normal conditions?

Correct Answer
verified

The kidneys are important homeostatic organs,contributing to maintenance of all of the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer
verified

Each human kidney contains about a million ________,which are the tubular functional units of the kidney.

Correct Answer
verified
B

Substances NOT usually found in normal human urine are

Correct Answer
verified

The organ that performs filtration of blood,reabsorption,and secretion in vertebrates is the ________.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The adrenal hormone,aldosterone,regulates kidney function by

Correct Answer
verified

A doctor suspects his patient has diabetes insipidus.What is the most likely match to the blood and urine profile of this patient?

Correct Answer
verified
C

According to the above figure,which letter corresponds to the area where water is absolutely not reabsorbed?

Correct Answer
verified

What animals could drink seawater and not get dehydrated?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 49: Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

In mammalian kidneys,blood in the vasa recta and fluid in the loop of Henle flow in opposite directions to create a ________ multiplier system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marine reptiles eliminate excess NaCl by means of ________ located near the nose or the eye.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jill is lost in the desert and ran out of water six hours ago.What physiological effect or response would most likely occur in this situation?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Roger,who has Type I diabetes mellitus,forgot to take along his insulin on a fishing trip to a remote part of Alaska.It takes him three days to make it out of the wilderness to a hospital.What would be the most likely match to Roger's blood and urine profile once he reaches the hospital?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nearly two-thirds of every vertebrate's body is composed of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freshwater fish are ________ with respect to osmoregulation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The diffusion of water across a plasma membrane is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The regulatory systems of the animal body maintain a relatively stable internal condition through a process called ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the above figure,which letter corresponds to the lowest tubular fluid osmolarity under normal conditions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidneys are important homeostatic organs,contributing to maintenance of all of the following EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Each human kidney contains about a million ________,which are the tubular functional units of the kidney.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Substances NOT usually found in normal human urine are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The organ that performs filtration of blood,reabsorption,and secretion in vertebrates is the ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The adrenal hormone,aldosterone,regulates kidney function by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A doctor suspects his patient has diabetes insipidus.What is the most likely match to the blood and urine profile of this patient?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

According to the above figure,which letter corresponds to the area where water is absolutely not reabsorbed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What animals could drink seawater and not get dehydrated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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B

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C

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